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Blog Quizzes Python MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) and Answers

Python MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) and Answers

By: Jashan

Last Updated: October 5th, 2026

Read Time: 35:00 Minutes

1. Top Python MCQs

2. Modern Python, AI & Scenario-Based Questions

3. Your Quiz Result

Python programming language is amongst the top ones with its dynamic binding and high-level data structures. Its interpreted and object-oriented programming approach makes it easy to read and write, making it go to for each level of individuals. With all these features, many individuals want to build a career with this programming language.

If you are preparing for technical interviews, practicing Python MCQs is one of the best ways to test your knowledge. These questions cover topics such as Python functions, data types, file handling, exception handling, and object-oriented programming.

Note: Score 60% or more and unlock an exclusive chance to grab up to 50% off on all self-paced courses.

Let's begin!

Top Python MCQs

1. Who built the Python programming language?

A) Wick van Rossum
B) Rasmus Lerdorf
C) Guido van Rossum
D) Niene Stom

2. Which of the following is the type of Python?

A) object-oriented programming
B) structured programming
C) functional programming
D) all of the mentioned

3. Keywords in Python are ______.

A) Capitalized
B) lower case
C) UPPER CASE
D) None of the mentioned

4. Which of the following can define a code block in Python programming?

A) Indentation
B) Key
C) Brackets
D) All of the mentioned

5. Which of the following functions will you use to check the Python version?

A) sys.version(1)
B) sys.version(0)
C) sys.version()
D) sys.version

6. Which of the following is the full form of pip?

A) Pip Installs Python
B) Pip Installs Packages
C) Preferred Installer Program
D) All of the mentioned

7. Which of the following is a built-in function of the Python programming language?

A) factorial()
B) print()
C) seed()
D) sqrt()

8. Which of the following can not be called a core data type of Python?

A) Tuples
B) Lists
C) Class
D) Dictionary

9. Which of the following can not be used as a keyword of the Python programming language?

A) pass
B) eval
C) assert
D) nonlocal

10. Which of the following operators can not be used in strings?

A) *
B) -
C) +
D) All of the mentioned

11. Which of the following is the maximum size of a Python identifier?

A) 32
B) 16
C) 128
D) No fixed length.

12. Which of the following loops are not supported in the Python programming language?

A) for
B) while
C) do-while
D) None of above

13. Which of the following is the correct way to declare a variable in Python?

A) int x = 10
B) x := 10
C) x = 10
D) var = 10

14. What is the perfect way to use a comment in the Python programming language?

A) //
B) /* */
C) #
D) None

15. Choose the wrong data types from the following.

A) int
B) string
C) char
D) list

16. Which operator should be used to concatenate two strings?

A) +
B) -
C) *
D) /

17. Which operator can be used to check data type in Python programming?

A) type()
B) typeof()
C) datatype()
D) check()

18. Why use input functions in Python?

A) Outputs data to the console
B) Reads input from the console
C) Allows reading from a file
D) Converts input into an integer

19. Which of the following is used to convert a string to integer?

A) int(string)
B) str(string)
C) float(string)
D) convert(string)

20. How to skip the next iteration from a loop?

A) next
B) skip
C) continue
D) exit

21. What will be the output of the following code?

print(4 + 3 % 5)

A) 7
B) 2
C) 4
D) 1

22. What will be the output of the following code?

i = 1

while True:

if i%3 == 0:

break

print(i)

i + = 1

A) 1 2 3
B) SyntaxError
C) 1 2
D) none of the mentioned

23. What will be the output of the following code?

x << 2

A) 4
B) 2
C) 1
D) 8

24. What will be the output of the following code?

print(2**(3**2))

print((2**3)**2)

print(2**3**2)

A) 512, 64, 512
B) 512, 512, 512
C) 64, 512, 64
D) 64, 64, 64

25. What will be the output of the following code?

l=[1, 0, 2, 0, 'hello', '', []]

print(list(filter(bool, l)))

A) [1, 0, 2, 'hello', ", []]
B) Error
C) [1, 2, 'hello']
D) [1, 0, 2, 0, 'hello', ", []]

26. What will be the output of the following code?

for i in [1, 2, 3, 4][::-1]:

print(i, end=' ')

A) 4 3 2 1
B) error
C) 1 2 3 4
D) None of the mentioned

27. What will be the output of the following code? (This question checks your understanding of Python classes and objects.)

class tester:

def __init__(self, id):

self.id = str(id)

id = "224"

temp = tester(12)

print(temp.id)

A) 12
B) 224
C) None
D) Error

28. What will be the output of the following code?

list1 = [1, 3]

list2 = list1

list1[0] = 4

print(list2)

A) [1, 4]
B) [1, 3, 4]
C) [4, 3]
D) [1, 3]

29. What will be the output of the following code?

a = "4, 5"

nums = a.split(',')

x, y = nums

int_prod = int(x) * int(y)

print(int_prod)

A) 20
B) 45
C) 54
D) 4,5

30. What will be the output of the following code?

x = 5

if x == 5:

print("Five")

elif x > 3:

print("Greater than three")

else:

print("Less than five")

A) Five
B) Greater than three
C) Less than five
D) None

31. Which of the following methods is used to define a function in the Python programming language?

A) def function_name[]:
B) def function_name():
C) function function_name():
D) func function_name():

32. How to invoke a function with a default argument in Python?

A) function_name(arg1, arg2)
B) function_name()
C) function_name(arg1)
D) function_name(arg1) when arguments are defined

33. How to define the length in Python?

A) length()
B) size()
C) len()
D) lengthof()

34. Which of the following is used to return a value from a function?

A) return value
B) return()
C) yield value
D) function(value)

35. Which of the following is used to add an element to a list?

A) list.add()
B) list.append()
C) list.insert()
D) list.push()

36. Which of the following is an ordered collection?

A) set
B) tuple
C) dictionary
D) list

37. How to open a file in the Python programming language?

A) file()
B) openfile()
C) open()
D) fileopen()

38. Which of the following modes is apt for opening a Python file for writing?

A) r
B) w
C) a
D) x

39. How to manage an exception in Python programming?

A) try...except
B) catch...finally
C) except...try
D) try...catch

40. Which of the following is used to close a file in Python?

A) close(file)
B) file.close()
C) file.shutdown()
D) end(file)

41. What will be the output of the following code?

[i**2 for i in range(5)]

A) [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
B) [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
C) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
D) [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

42. What will be the output of the following code?

def tester(**kwargs):
for key, value in kwargs.items():
print(key, value, end = " ")
tester(Sunday = 1, Monday = 2, Tuesday = 3, Wednesday = 4)

A) Sunday 1 Monday 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4
B) Sunday 1
C) Tuesday 3
D) Monday 2

43. What will be the output of the following code?

print("Hello {0[0]} and {0[1]}".format(('foo', 'bin')))

A) Hello ('foo', 'bin') and ('foo', 'bin')
B) Hello foo and bin
C) Error
D) None of the mentioned

44. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [[0], [1]]
print((' '.join(list(map(str, x))),))

A) 01
B) [0] [1]
C) ('01')
D) ('[0] [1]',)

45. What will be the output of the following code?

def foo():
  try:
    return 1
  finally:
    return 2
k = foo()
print(k)

A) error
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1

46. What will be the output of the following code?

x = 'abcd'
for i in range(len(x)):
print(i)

A) error
B) 1 2 3 4
C) a b c d
D) 0 1 2 3

47. What will be the output of the following code?

def addItem(listParam):
listParam += [1]

mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4]
addItem(mylist)
print(len(mylist))

A) 5
B) 8
C) 2
D) 1

48. What will be the output of the following code?

try:
  x = 5 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
  print("Error occurred")
else:
  print("No Error")
finally:
  print("Execution complete")

A) Error occurred
B) Error occurred Execution complete
C) No Error
D) No Error Execution complete

49. What will be the output of the following code?

def multiply(a, b=5):
return a * b
print(multiply(4, 2))

A) 10
B) 20
C) 8
D) None

50. What will be the output of the following code?

def subtract(a, b=2):
return a - b
print(subtract(10))

A) 5
B) 8
C) 3
D) None

51. What is the purpose of the 'lambda' keyword in Python?

A) To define an anonymous function
B) To declare a loop variable
C) To import a module
D) To handle exceptions

52. What will be the output of the following code?

d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}

print(d.get('c', 3))

A) None
B) KeyError
C) 3
D) 0

53. Which of the following is true about tuples in Python?

A) Tuples are mutable
B) Tuples are immutable
C) Tuples cannot store multiple data types
D) Tuples cannot be nested

54. What will be the output of the following code?

s = "python"

print(s[1:4])

A) pyth
B) ytho
C) pth
D) yth

55. What is the purpose of the global keyword in Python?

A) To modify a variable outside the current scope
B) To define a constant variable
C) To restrict a variable to the current scope
D) To import global modules

56. What will be the output of the following code?

nums = [1, 2, 3]

nums.append(nums[:])

print(nums)

A) [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) [1, 2, 3, [1, 2, 3]]
D) Error

57. Which of the following is used to create a set in Python?

A) []
B) {}
C) ()
D) set[]

58. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [1, 2, 3]

y = x

y[0] = 4

print(x)

A) [4, 2, 3]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) [1, 4, 3]
D) Error

59. Which of the following is true about the 'with' statement in Python?

A) It is used to define a loop
B) It is used to handle exceptions only
C) It cannot be used with files
D) It ensures resources are properly closed after use

60. What will be the output of the following code?

def func(x, y=2):

return x + y

print(func(3))

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) Error

61. What is the purpose of the 'yield' keyword in Python?

A) To terminate a loop
B) To produce a value in a generator function
C) To define a class method
D) To raise an exception

62. What will be the output of the following code?

print(3 * 'ab')

A) ababab
B) abab
C) ab3
D) Error

63. Which of the following is not a valid way to create a dictionary in Python?

A) d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
B) d = dict(a=1, b=2)
C) d = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])
D) d = {['a']: 1, 'b': 2}

64. What will be the output of the following code?

lst = [1, 2, 3]

lst.pop()

print(lst)

A) [1, 2, 3]
B) [2, 3]
C) [1, 2]
D) Error

65. What is the purpose of the 'is' operator in Python?

A) To check if two variables refer to the same object
B) To compare the values of two variables
C) To check if a variable is of a specific type
D) To perform a membership test

66. What will be the output of the following code?

x = 10

def func():

global x

x = 20

func()

print(x)

A) 10
B) 20
C) None
D) Error

67. Which of the following is true about list comprehension in Python?

A) It is slower than a for loop
B) It cannot include conditions
C) It can only create lists of numbers
D) It is a concise way to create lists

68. What will be the output of the following code?

s = {1, 2, 2, 3}

print(len(s))

A) 4
B) 2
C) 3
D) Error

69. What is the purpose of the 'super()' function in Python?

A) To call a method from the parent class
B) To create a new instance of a class
C) To define a static method
D) To raise an exception

70. What will be the output of the following code?

try:

print(1/0)

except Exception as e:

print(type(e).__name__)

A) Exception
B) ZeroDivisionError
C) TypeError
D) Error

71. What is the difference between == and is in Python?

A) == compares identity, while is compares values
B) == compares values, while is checks object identity
C) Both operators always do the same comparison
D) is is used only for strings

72. Which statement about Python's mutable and immutable objects is correct?

A) Lists are immutable and tuples are mutable
B) Integers are mutable, but lists are immutable
C) Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable
D) Dictionaries are immutable, while sets are mutable

73. What does the id() function return?

A) The memory size of an object
B) A unique identity value for an object during its lifetime
C) The data type of an object
D) The number of references to an object

74. What is the result of using Python concurrency with threads for an I/O-bound workload?

A) It can improve responsiveness by allowing other work while I/O waits
B) It always executes CPU-bound Python bytecode in parallel on every core
C) It disables asynchronous operations
D) It converts all I/O operations into processes

75. Which collection is best suited for fast membership testing when uniqueness is required?

A) list
B) tuple
C) set
D) str

76. Which collection is often useful when working with unique categorical values in data analysis?

A) They preserve insertion order
B) They sort keys automatically
C) They allow duplicate keys to coexist
D) They can only store string values

77. What does the None object represent in Python?

A) An empty string
B) The absence of a value
C) The number zero
D) A failed exception

78. Which built-in function returns the type of an object?

A) typeof()
B) datatype()
C) type()
D) classof()

79. Which statement about strings in Python is correct?

A) Strings can be changed in place
B) Strings are immutable sequences
C) Strings can contain only ASCII characters
D) Strings cannot be sliced

80. Which operator performs floor division?

A) /
B) //
C) %
D) **

81. What is the main benefit of using a tuple instead of a list when data should not change?

A) Tuples automatically sort data
B) Tuples are immutable
C) Tuples support only strings
D) Tuples use key-value pairs

82. Which expression creates an empty set?

A) {}
B) []
C) set()
D) ()

83. What does dict.get(key, default) do when the key is missing?

A) Raises KeyError immediately
B) Returns the supplied default value
C) Deletes the dictionary
D) Returns the first key

84. Which method removes a specific value from a list?

A) discard()
B) delete()
C) remove()
D) drop()

85. What does list.copy() create?

A) A deep copy of every nested object
B) A shallow copy of the list
C) An immutable tuple
D) A generator

86. Which statement about shallow copies is correct?

A) Nested mutable objects are copied recursively
B) The outer container is copied, but nested object references can be shared
C) Only immutable values can be copied
D) A shallow copy is always identical to deepcopy()

87. Which module provides deepcopy()?

A) copy
B) clone
C) collections
D) memory

88. Which built-in function converts an iterable into an iterator?

A) iter()
B) next()
C) iterator()
D) yield()

89. What happens when next() is called on an exhausted iterator without a default value?

A) It returns None
B) It restarts the iterator
C) It raises StopIteration
D) It raises ValueError

90. Which Python feature lets a class customize operations such as addition or comparison?

A) Magic methods
B) Environment variables
C) Type aliases
D) Import hooks

91. Which Python library is commonly used to build classical machine learning workflows?

A) scikit-learn
B) Tkinter
C) Pygame
D) BeautifulSoup

92. What is a closure in Python?

A) A function that remembers variables from its enclosing scope
B) A class with no methods
C) A closed file handle
D) A module that cannot be imported

93. What is the purpose of *args in a function definition?

A) Accept an arbitrary number of positional arguments
B) Accept an arbitrary number of keyword arguments
C) Force all arguments to be strings
D) Create a generator

94. What is the purpose of **kwargs in a function definition?

A) Accept an arbitrary number of positional arguments
B) Accept an arbitrary number of keyword arguments
C) Convert arguments to tuples
D) Declare global variables

95. Which statement about default mutable arguments is safest?

A) Use a new mutable object as a default every time
B) Avoid mutable defaults when state should not be shared between calls
C) Mutable defaults are always copied automatically
D) Mutable defaults are required for recursion

96. What does a function containing yield return when called?

A) A generator object
B) A list
C) A tuple
D) A coroutine in every case

97. What is recursion?

A) A function calling itself directly or indirectly
B) A function importing itself only once
C) A loop without a condition
D) A class inheriting from itself

98. Which keyword makes a nested function modify a variable in its nearest enclosing non-global scope?

A) global
B) nonlocal
C) outer
D) scope

99. Which principle hides internal implementation details and exposes a controlled interface?

A) Encapsulation
B) Inheritance
C) Compilation
D) Iteration

100. Which OOP concept allows the same interface to produce different behavior depending on the object?

A) Polymorphism
B) Tokenization
C) Serialization
D) Packaging

101. What is method resolution order (MRO) used for?

A) Determining the order in which Python searches classes for attributes and methods
B) Sorting methods alphabetically
C) Choosing which package to install
D) Determining function execution time

Modern Python, AI & Scenario-Based Questions

102. Which built-in function can inspect an object's method resolution order?

A) mro()
B) type.mro()
C) object.order()
D) resolve()

103. What does super() commonly provide in a subclass?

A) Access to methods or behavior from a parent class according to the MRO
B) A new Python interpreter
C) A copy of the parent object
D) Automatic serialization

104. Which decorator is appropriate when a method should receive the class rather than an instance as its first argument?

A) @staticmethod
B) @classmethod
C) @property
D) @abstractmethod

105. Which decorator turns a method into an attribute-like getter?

A) @property
B) @attribute
C) @getter
D) @field

106. What is multiple inheritance?

A) A class inheriting from more than one parent class
B) A function having multiple return values
C) A module imported multiple times
D) A list containing multiple types

107. What is an abstract base class commonly used for?

A) Defining an interface or contract for subclasses
B) Storing only global variables
C) Avoiding all inheritance
D) Creating database indexes

108. Which module provides tools for defining abstract base classes?

A) abc
B) abstract
C) interfaces
D) typing

109. What does the @dataclass decorator primarily help with?

A) Reducing boilerplate for data-focused classes
B) Making every class immutable
C) Turning classes into databases
D) Compiling classes to C

110. What is a Python descriptor?

A) An object implementing methods such as __get__, __set__, or __delete__ to control attribute access
B) A package metadata file
C) A list sorting algorithm
D) A special exception type

111. Which exception should normally be caught when converting invalid user text to an integer?

A) ValueError
B) IndexError
C) ImportError
D) StopIteration

112. Which exception indicates that an imported module cannot be found?

A) ModuleNotFoundError
B) KeyError
C) MemoryError
D) AssertionError

113. What is the purpose of an else block in a try statement?

A) It runs when the try block completes without raising an exception
B) It always runs before try
C) It catches every exception
D) It suppresses exceptions

114. What is the purpose of finally in exception handling?

A) To run cleanup code regardless of whether an exception occurred
B) To define a new exception
C) To retry the try block
D) To ignore syntax errors

115. Which statement explicitly raises an exception?

A) throw
B) raise
C) except
D) assert

116. What does assert condition do when the condition is false?

A) Raises AssertionError
B) Raises TypeError
C) Returns False silently
D) Terminates only the current loop

117. Why should broad except Exception blocks be used carefully?

A) They can hide unexpected failures and make debugging harder
B) They cannot catch runtime exceptions
C) They always terminate the process
D) They disable logging

118. Which module is used to inspect the Python runtime and interpreter information?

A) sys
B) runtime
C) inspectpy
D) python

119. Which module provides tools for interacting with the operating system?

A) os
B) system
C) platformonly
D) kernel

120. Which module provides Path for object-oriented filesystem paths?

A) pathlib
B) filelib
C) paths
D) fs

121. Which module is used to serialize Python objects to JSON-compatible text?

A) json
B) pickle
C) marshalonly
D) yaml

122. What is a key difference between JSON and Python pickle?

A) JSON is language-independent and text-based, while pickle is Python-specific serialization
B) Pickle can only serialize strings
C) JSON always preserves Python class objects exactly
D) They are identical formats

123. Why can untrusted pickle data be dangerous to load?

A) Unpickling can execute arbitrary code embedded in the serialized data
B) Pickle cannot represent numbers
C) Pickle files are always encrypted
D) It disables the garbage collector

124. Which file mode opens a file for appending while preserving existing content?

A) r
B) w
C) a
D) x

125. What happens when a file is opened with mode w and the file already exists?

A) The existing content is truncated
B) The file becomes read-only
C) Python raises FileNotFoundError
D) The content is automatically backed up

126. Which approach is preferred for safely managing a file resource?

A) with open(...) as f:
B) open(...) without close()
C) global file handles
D) os.file()

127. What is the purpose of a Python module?

A) To organize reusable Python definitions in a separate namespace
B) To store only executable binaries
C) To replace all classes
D) To prevent imports

128. What is a package in Python?

A) A way to organize related modules into a namespace
B) A single variable
C) A built-in exception
D) A compiled database

129. Which special attribute can show the file path of a loaded module?

A) __file__
B) __path_only__
C) __location__
D) __module_file__

130. What does import module as m do?

A) Creates an alias m for the imported module
B) Copies all module source into the current file
C) Renames the module on disk
D) Disables module execution

131. What is the main use case for asyncio?

A) Concurrent I/O-bound operations using an event loop
B) Parallel CPU computation in separate processes only
C) Compiling Python extensions
D) Sorting large lists

132. What object does calling an async def function normally produce before it is awaited?

A) A coroutine object
B) A thread
C) A process
D) A list

133. What does await do inside an async function?

A) Suspends the coroutine until an awaitable completes while allowing the event loop to run other tasks
B) Creates a new operating-system process
C) Blocks every thread permanently
D) Converts a coroutine into a generator

134. Which module provides a high-level interface for thread and process pools?

A) concurrent.futures
B) parallel
C) executoronly
D) multiprocessing.poolonly

135. For CPU-bound work in standard CPython, which approach can provide true parallel execution across CPU cores?

A) multiprocessing
B) A single Python thread
C) A single asyncio task
D) List comprehension

136. What is a common reason to use threads for I/O-bound tasks?

A) Threads can overlap waiting time for external I/O
B) Threads always bypass all interpreter limits
C) Threads compile Python to machine code
D) Threads remove the need for synchronization

137. What is a race condition?

A) A bug caused by timing-dependent access to shared state
B) A syntax error in a loop
C) A failed package installation
D) A type annotation

138. Which primitive is commonly used to protect a critical section shared between threads?

A) Lock
B) Tuple
C) Iterator
D) Decorator

139. What is a deadlock?

A) A state where concurrent tasks wait indefinitely for resources held by each other
B) A failed import
C) A full disk
D) A completed coroutine

140. What is the purpose of a semaphore?

A) To limit the number of concurrent tasks accessing a resource
B) To serialize JSON
C) To define a class
D) To sort a list

141. What is memoization?

A) Caching function results so repeated calls can avoid repeated computation
B) Encrypting function arguments
C) Running functions in parallel
D) Deleting unused variables

142. Which decorator is useful for caching a function's results in modern Python?

A) functools.cache
B) functools.parallel
C) cache.function
D) memoize.only

143. What is the main advantage of a generator over building a complete list for a huge sequence?

A) It can produce values lazily and reduce memory usage
B) It always executes faster
C) It stores every value twice
D) It disables garbage collection

144. Which built-in function can report an object's approximate memory size?

A) sys.getsizeof()
B) memory.size()
C) sizeof_object()
D) len_memory()

145. Which tool is commonly used to profile Python code and identify performance bottlenecks?

A) cProfile
B) pip
C) venv
D) pytest

146. Which module provides a high-resolution performance counter?

A) time
B) calendar
C) datetimeonly
D) clocklib

147. What is the primary purpose of garbage collection in Python?

A) To reclaim memory from objects that are no longer reachable
B) To speed up network calls
C) To install packages
D) To enforce type hints

148. Which statement about reference counting in CPython is correct?

A) It tracks references to objects and can reclaim objects when their count reaches zero
B) It runs only once when Python starts
C) It is the same as list length
D) It applies only to strings

149. Why might a Python program use a process pool for CPU-heavy tasks?

A) Separate processes can execute CPU work concurrently across cores
B) Processes share one thread of Python bytecode
C) Processes remove all serialization costs
D) Processes are always cheaper than threads

150. What is an I/O-bound workload?

A) A workload that spends substantial time waiting for operations such as network or disk I/O
B) A workload that only performs arithmetic
C) A workload that never waits
D) A workload that only allocates lists

151. Which Python version introduced structural pattern matching with match and case?

A) Python 3.8
B) Python 3.9
C) Python 3.10
D) Python 3.12

152. Which Python version introduced the type statement for type aliases?

A) Python 3.10
B) Python 3.11
C) Python 3.12
D) Python 3.13

153. What is the purpose of the typing.Protocol feature?

A) To support structural subtyping based on an expected interface
B) To create database schemas only
C) To serialize objects
D) To manage threads

154. Which feature allows Python code to specify expected variable, parameter, and return types?

A) Type hints
B) Decorators only
C) Context managers
D) Descriptors

155. What does a static type checker such as mypy primarily do?

A) Analyze code for type inconsistencies without running the program
B) Execute Python bytecode faster
C) Install packages
D) Format HTML

156. What is pyproject.toml used for in modern Python projects?

A) Project metadata and tool/build configuration
B) Only runtime environment variables
C) Only database credentials
D) Only Python bytecode

157. Which tool is designed as a fast Python package and project manager?

A) uv
B) npm
C) cargo
D) gem

158. What is Ruff commonly used for?

A) Fast Python linting and formatting
B) Database migrations only
C) Container orchestration
D) Model training only

159. What is the role of a lock file in dependency management?

A) To record resolved dependency versions for reproducible environments
B) To encrypt source code
C) To store Python bytecode
D) To replace virtual environments

160. Which command creates a virtual environment using the standard library?

A) python -m venv .venv
B) pip new env .venv
C) python create-env .venv
D) venv install .venv

161. What is the purpose of pipx?

A) To install and run Python applications in isolated environments
B) To compile Python to Java
C) To replace the Python interpreter
D) To create SQL databases

162. Which file format is commonly used for modern Python project configuration?

A) TOML
B) BMP
C) XML only
D) INI only

163. Which standard-library module reads TOML configuration in modern Python?

A) tomllib
B) tomlread
C) configtoml
D) tomlparser

164. What is the purpose of a wheel (.whl) package?

A) To provide a built distribution that can be installed without rebuilding the project from source in many cases
B) To store only test results
C) To run Python without an interpreter
D) To replace virtual environments

165. What is an sdist in Python packaging?

A) A source distribution of a package
B) A security certificate
C) A static type declaration
D) A database schema

166. What is the main purpose of semantic versioning?

A) To communicate the impact of changes through version numbers
B) To compress packages
C) To encrypt dependencies
D) To measure runtime memory

167. Which standard-library module provides IANA time zone support?

A) zoneinfo
B) tzdataonly
C) timezones
D) pytz

168. Which feature introduced in Python 3.11 groups multiple exceptions into one object?

A) ExceptionGroup
B) MultiError
C) ErrorGroup
D) ExceptionList

169. Which syntax lets a function accept positional-only parameters?

A) / in the parameter list
B) *args only
C) **kwargs only
D) @positional

170. What does a parameter after * in a function signature indicate?

A) Following parameters are keyword-only
B) Following parameters are positional-only
C) The function is asynchronous
D) The function is a generator

171. Which framework is commonly used to build high-performance Python APIs with automatic OpenAPI documentation?

A) FastAPI
B) Tkinter
C) Pygame
D) NumPy

172. Which library does FastAPI commonly use for data validation and settings models?

A) Pydantic
B) Pillow
C) pytest
D) Requests

173. Which Python web framework is known for batteries-included web development?

A) Django
B) NumPy
C) Pandas
D) Matplotlib

174. Which HTTP status code normally indicates that a requested resource was not found?

A) 200
B) 201
C) 404
D) 500

175. Which HTTP method is generally used to retrieve a resource without modifying it?

A) GET
B) POST
C) PATCH
D) DELETE

176. Which Python library is commonly used for making synchronous HTTP requests?

A) requests
B) numpy
C) pytest
D) pydantic

177. Which Python library is commonly used for asynchronous HTTP requests?

A) aiohttp
B) tkinter
C) sqlite3
D) pathlib

178. What is an ORM?

A) A tool that maps objects or classes to relational database records
B) A Python compiler
C) A network protocol
D) A test runner

179. Which Python toolkit is widely used for database ORM capabilities?

A) SQLAlchemy
B) Matplotlib
C) Pygame
D) Jinja2

180. Which library is commonly used for tabular data analysis?

A) pandas
B) Flask
C) pytest
D) asyncio

181. Which library is commonly used for numerical arrays and vectorized computation?

A) NumPy
B) Django
C) Requests
D) Celery

182. Which library is increasingly used for high-performance DataFrame workloads?

A) Polars
B) Tkinter
C) Selenium
D) Flask

183. Which embedded analytical database is often paired with Python for local OLAP-style analytics?

A) DuckDB
B) Redis
C) MongoDB
D) Cassandra

184. Which library is commonly used for deep learning tensor computation?

A) PyTorch
B) Requests
C) BeautifulSoup
D) Click

185. Which library is widely used to load pretrained transformer models?

A) Hugging Face Transformers
B) Matplotlib
C) pytest
D) SQLAlchemy

186. What is the main purpose of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)?

A) Retrieve relevant external information and provide it as context to a generative model
B) Train every model from scratch
C) Replace databases with prompts
D) Convert Python code to JavaScript

187. Which Python library is commonly used to build RAG pipelines and LLM application workflows?

A) LangChain
B) Tkinter
C) Pygame
D) Pillow

188. What is an embedding in an AI application?

A) A numerical vector representation of data used to capture semantic relationships
B) A compressed Python executable
C) A database password
D) A type annotation

189. Why is chunking used in many RAG pipelines?

A) To split source documents into manageable pieces for retrieval and context construction
B) To encrypt documents
C) To compile prompts
D) To remove all metadata

190. What is a vector database commonly used for in AI applications?

A) Storing and searching vector embeddings by similarity
B) Executing Python bytecode
C) Managing OS processes
D) Formatting source code

191. A service receives thousands of independent network requests and spends most of its time waiting for responses. Which design is a strong fit?

A) asyncio with async I/O
B) A recursive function for every request
C) A single blocking loop
D) A new process for every small operation

192. A data-processing job performs heavy numerical computation and uses multiple CPU cores effectively. Which strategy is usually preferable in standard CPython?

A) Multiple processes
B) One thread per function call
C) A single coroutine
D) A list comprehension

193. An API accepts JSON payloads and you want validation before business logic runs. What is a good Python approach?

A) Use a schema/model validation library such as Pydantic
B) Parse every value with print()
C) Use only comments
D) Store raw payloads without validation

194. A team wants identical dependency versions in local development and CI. What should they prioritize?

A) Reproducible dependency metadata and a lock file
B) Global package installation
C) Manually copying site-packages
D) Ignoring dependency versions

195. A Python application leaks resources when an exception occurs during file processing. What should you use?

A) A context manager with with
B) A global file variable
C) A bare pass statement
D) A list comprehension

196. A developer needs to extend a class while reusing parent initialization. What is commonly used?

A) super()
B) global
C) yield
D) eval

197. A function needs to support optional configuration without exposing a mutable shared default. Which pattern is safest?

A) Use None as the default and create the mutable object inside the function
B) Use [] as the default and mutate it
C) Use {} as the default and reuse it
D) Store state in a global variable

198. A large CSV file is too big to load into memory at once. Which approach is most appropriate?

A) Stream or iterate through rows/chunks
B) Call read() on the entire file
C) Convert the entire file to one string
D) Duplicate the file in memory

199. A developer needs to remove duplicate IDs while keeping only unique values. Which built-in collection is useful?

A) set
B) list
C) tuple
D) bytes

200. A team needs to expose a Python function as an HTTP endpoint quickly with automatic request validation. Which framework is a strong choice?

A) FastAPI
B) Tkinter
C) Pygame
D) NumPy

201. A production service needs structured logs and correlation information across requests. Which practice is most appropriate?

A) Use structured logging with contextual fields
B) Use print() everywhere only
C) Disable all logging
D) Write logs into source-code comments

202. A developer catches every exception and the application appears to work while silently ignoring failures. What is the main risk?

A) Important defects can be hidden and debugging becomes harder
B) Python becomes statically typed
C) The code automatically becomes faster
D) All exceptions are permanently fixed

203. A function repeatedly calculates the same expensive result for the same arguments. What optimization can help?

A) Memoization or caching
B) Adding recursion without a base case
C) Using eval()
D) Converting the result to JSON

204. A test suite is slow because the same external API is called repeatedly. What is a common testing strategy?

A) Mock or stub the external dependency
B) Delete the tests
C) Hard-code production credentials
D) Run the API call more times

205. A Python web application needs database transactions and connection management. What should the design emphasize?

A) Proper transaction boundaries and connection lifecycle management
B) Opening unlimited connections
C) Using global cursors forever
D) Ignoring rollback behavior

206. A team wants to catch common Python bugs before runtime. Which practice helps?

A) Static type checking and linting
B) Removing tests
C) Disabling warnings
D) Using more global variables

207. A service needs background jobs such as sending emails without blocking the web request. Which architecture is appropriate?

A) A background task or task queue such as Celery
B) A nested while True in the request handler
C) A blocking sleep in every request
D) A global list with no worker

208. An application must safely load configuration without hard-coding secrets in source code. What is a common practice?

A) Use environment variables or a secret-management system
B) Commit passwords into Python files
C) Put secrets in comments
D) Print secrets during startup

209. A Python program needs to process multiple independent CPU-heavy tasks. Which standard-library approach is suitable?

A) concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor
B) asyncio.sleep()
C) list.sort()
D) string formatting

210. A team wants to make a class easy to serialize and inspect while reducing boilerplate for fields. Which feature can help?

A) @dataclass
B) @staticmethod
C) @property only
D) yield

211. Which principle recommends that a class should have one primary reason to change?

A) Single Responsibility Principle
B) Open/Closed Principle
C) Liskov Substitution Principle
D) Dependency Inversion Principle

212. What does dependency injection mean?

A) Providing a component's dependencies from outside rather than constructing them internally
B) Installing dependencies with pip
C) Deleting unused imports
D) Running code in a separate process

213. What is mocking in unit testing?

A) Replacing a real dependency with a controlled test double
B) Encrypting test data
C) Running tests in production
D) Removing assertions

214. Which pytest feature is useful for running the same test with multiple input sets?

A) Parametrization
B) Inheritance
C) Monkeypatch-only
D) Decorators-only

215. What is a fixture in pytest?

A) Reusable setup and teardown logic or test data
B) A production database table
C) A Python package index
D) A compiler flag

216. Why are unit tests generally designed to isolate external systems?

A) Isolation makes tests faster, deterministic, and focused on the unit under test
B) It makes production slower
C) It prevents all exceptions
D) It removes the need for assertions

217. Which security practice helps prevent SQL injection when using databases?

A) Use parameterized queries or safe ORM APIs
B) Build SQL with unchecked string concatenation
C) Store SQL in comments
D) Disable database validation

218. Which Python function should be avoided for executing untrusted input as code?

A) eval()
B) len()
C) sorted()
D) enumerate()

219. Which practice is safer when parsing untrusted structured data?

A) Use a restricted data format such as JSON and validate the schema
B) Use pickle from an untrusted source
C) Use eval() on the payload
D) Execute the payload as Python

220. What is the purpose of environment isolation in Python projects?

A) Prevent dependency conflicts between projects
B) Make Python syntax different
C) Disable package installation
D) Force all projects to share one interpreter state

221. What is an idempotent operation in an API?

A) Repeating the same operation produces the same intended final state
B) An operation that always fails twice
C) An operation that changes state unpredictably
D) A request that never returns

222. Which HTTP method is generally intended for a partial update?

A) PATCH
B) GET
C) HEAD
D) OPTIONS

223. What is serialization?

A) Converting an object or data structure into a storable or transferable representation
B) Deleting an object
C) Sorting a class
D) Running a thread

224. Which standard module can serialize basic Python data to JSON?

A) json
B) threading
C) abc
D) pathlib

225. What is deserialization?

A) Reconstructing data from a serialized representation
B) Creating a virtual environment
C) Starting a thread
D) Compiling bytecode

226. What does the `__slots__` feature primarily help control?

A) Instance attribute storage and, in many cases, per-instance memory overhead
B) Network latency
C) Package installation
D) SQL transactions

227. Which special method is called by len(obj) when supported?

A) __len__
B) __size__
C) __count__
D) __length__

228. Which special method is used for a developer-friendly representation of an object?

A) __repr__
B) __display__
C) __debug__
D) __inspect__

229. Which special method is intended to provide a user-friendly string representation?

A) __str__
B) __string__
C) __text__
D) __show__

230. What is monkey patching?

A) Dynamically replacing or modifying attributes or functions at runtime
B) Installing a package from PyPI
C) Compiling Python code
D) Creating a virtual environment

231. What will be the output of the following code?

nums = [1, 2, 3]

print([x * 2 for x in nums])

A) [2, 4, 6]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) [1, 4, 9]
D) TypeError

232. What will be the output of the following code?

x = 10

def change():

global x

x = 20

change()

print(x)

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) None

233. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [1, 2, 3]

x.append(4)

print(x)

A) [1, 2, 3]
B) [1, 2, 3, 4]
C) [4, 1, 2, 3]
D) Error

234. What will be the output of the following code?

x = {1, 2, 2, 3}

print(len(x))

A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 4

235. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [3, 1, 2]

x.sort()

print(x)

A) [3, 2, 1]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) None
D) Error

236. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [3, 1, 2]

print(sorted(x))

A) [3, 1, 2]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) None
D) Error

237. What will be the output of the following code?

def add(a, b):

return a + b

print(add(8, 12))

A) 20
B) 10
C) 30
D) Error

238. What will be the output of the following code?

for i in range(3):

print(i)

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

239. What will be the output of the following code?

print(bool({}))

A) True
B) False
C) None
D) Error

240. What will be the output of the following code?

x = ['a', 'b', 'c']

print(x[-2])

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d

241. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [1, 2, 3]

print(sum(x))

A) 6
B) 5
C) 4
D) Error

242. What will be the output of the following code?

d = {'a': 1}

d['b'] = 2

print(d)

A) {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
B) {'a': 1}
C) 2
D) KeyError

243. What will be the output of the following code?

def f(x=2):

return x + 1

print(f())

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

244. What will be the output of the following code?

x = [10, 20, 30]

print(x[-1])

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) Error

245. What will be the output of the following code?

print(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, [1, 2, 3])))

A) [2, 4, 6]
B) [1, 2, 3]
C) [1, 4, 9]
D) Error

246. What will be the output of the following code?

a = [1, 2, 3]

print(a[1:])

A) [2, 3]
B) [1, 2]
C) [1, 3]
D) []

247. What will be the output of the following code?

print('a' in {'a': 1, 'b': 2})

A) True
B) False
C) 1
D) None

248. What will be the output of the following code?

print(len('Python'))

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

249. What will be the output of the following code?

class Parent:

def show(self):

return 'Parent'

class Child(Parent):

def show(self):

return 'Child'

print(Child().show())

A) Parent
B) Child
C) Parent Child
D) Error

250. What will be the output of the following code?

def greet():

return 'Hello'

print(greet())

A) Hello
B) None
C) Error
D) hello

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About the Author

Jashan

Jashan has written production code in multiple languages, with a particular focus on Python and R for data-heavy applications. Debugging late-night production issues shaped his opinions on maintainable code. His writing draws on real projects like automation scripts and data pipelines, helping programmers build habits that hold up under real deadlines.

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